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Notch signaling pathway
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell signaling system present in most multicellular organisms.
Mammals possess four different notch receptors, referred to as NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4. The notch receptor is a single-pass transmembrane receptor protein. It is a hetero-oligomer composed of a large extracellular portion, which associates in a calcium-dependent, non-covalent interaction with a smaller piece of the notch protein composed of a short extracellular region, a single transmembrane-pass, and a small intracellular region. Notch signaling promotes proliferative signaling during neurogenesis, and its activity is inhibited by Numb to promote neural differentiation.
== Discovery ==
In 1914, John S. Dexter noticed the appearance of a notch in the wings of the fruit fly ''Drosophila melanogaster''. The alleles of the gene were identified in 1917 by Thomas Hunt Morgan. Its molecular analysis and sequencing was independently undertaken in the 1980s by Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas and Michael W. Young. Alleles of the two ''C. elegans'' ''Notch'' genes were identified based on developmental phenotypes: ''lin-12'' and ''glp-1''. The cloning and partial sequence of ''lin-12'' was reported at the same time as ''Drosophila'' ''Notch'' by Iva Greenwald.
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